Method of constructing piles



Aug. l0, 1943. MccoOK 'METHOD oF coNsTRUcTING PILES Filed Oct. 3, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENToR.

glo/My?? @TCC @ao/Q,

C ATTORNEY A ug. 10, 1943. J, F, MCCQOK 2,326,155

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING PILES Filed Oct. 5, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 W' W m A N INVENTOR. 304506)@ E5', @lic/(300%) v ATTORNEY `neritly erectedfor an indefinite time."

Y'removing the protective casing.

Patented Aug. 1o, `1943 l Meinen f rcons'rancune'Pinna4 .isepli'rgfMecooa sensuale, n

Application october s, 193s, seriai No. esami-c i 41l claim. crei- 457).

i thereof as ser 'forth niorefuuyiri the] specifica;

Myinvention relates broadly'tc improvements in the method of forming piles and'llie struc-` tures" and linthe improved construction of fa pile. One of the objects offrnyinvention-is to provide an improvedrnethod 4*of foriningfpilesand like structures inexpensivelyand expeditiously in a manner in which the piles will: remainp 'eijma- Another .iljijectof` my invention 1ste provide a methody of` forming piles in 'Whichfrlelatively inexpensive materials may beremployedand' a "structure obtained which is perinanent incharf A actor and having substantial shear strength 'and bearingcapacity. 'l

Still another objectof place, piles having large bearing capacityfivhich `consists inlining 'a bore through which a` metallic loaded shell may be introduced andfd'rivento a desired supporting depth, the shell thereafter filled with concrete andthe lining removed and the pile arranged to supportthe load. j l

A further object of my invention is to provide `a construction of reenfo'rced concrete pile in which a metallic liner is employed for-lining'the bore into which theipilelis to be cast in place and. a reenforced metallic shell introducedfthrough the liner wherein the shell has an effective lengthv greatei` than the length of the liner and extend'- ing therefrom proportionalto the distance the shell is to --be driven, the shell beingprovided vvitlfi a precast concrete header adapted to penetrate beyond the length of` the liner, the liner being subsequently removable after the reenforced shell has been wholly filled Withconcrete.

, A, still further object cfmy invention is to provide a construction of inexpensive pile which may Yhe cast in place byerst sinking a protective casing, utilizing a suitablecore-lilze removing the core-like ram and sinking into the protective casing a reenforced shell'having a Aconcrete header therein wherein the reenforced shell is subniy invention isto' prof Q vide an improved method 'orfdire'ctly `crfisti-ngf1n tion.l hereinafter following by reference tothe aceompanying drawings', invvhichz #Figure lf is1a vertical sectional view-.showing the vprotective casing Vand associated reeniorcing central core and 'removable header thereondriv en to a` positionbelow the ground line; illustrates 4thel arrangement oi the protective casing in thief-"ground while the central core has been `-vvjithdravmtlierei`ro1iij`Fig. .3 is a longitudilnal sectional vieivof-a corrugated pile lprepared with a ller'ofconcrete inthe nose tlfiereofk preparatory to being jlowered into the protective casing shown in crossv section in the drawings; the length ofthe shell being great-er` than the length ofthe protective casing; Fig. 4 `illustrates 'the nextvstepin "theiorxnation ofthepile in Y, Which-the vrejer'ifinbced metallic shell of corrugated section havingV the concrete header therein 1 and .projecting beyond the length of" the protective casing" 'oy-a distance proportional to the distance to'v which the pile is to be'drvenand proportional tothe lofsiding` above the ground line is shoivn,

. the coredilre ram being shown position'pref paratorytodriving the concieteheader beyond thelength offthe protective casing; Fig.` 5 illustrates,V the position of'- the corrgated shell .and

concrete header therein 'after being driven by the core-like Vrain fora-distance'beyond the end of Vthe'protective casing with the shell project ing abovev the groundline for supportingthe load; Fig. 6 shows the corrugated shell completestantally longer than the protective casin'gbya length proportional to the distance the 'pile is to beidriven and the load to be supported, utilizing i the core-like ramo-r driving the reenforced'shell by forces applied axiaily against the concrete header for driving theconcrete' header beyond the terminatingend offthe protective casing, re# moving the core-like ram, filling the interior of the reenforced shell with concrete, andthereafter Other and further objects ofiny invention reL` side in the method Voi forming cast in, place encas-ed friction pilesA and an improved construction ly filled with concreteandgthe'f protective casing removed and vthepile iri'normal pesitionfor snpporting a load; Fig. 'lis Van enlarged fragmentary longitudinal sectional View showing `the end of the Ceredike ram and the removable header thereon illustratedin disassembled position; Fig. 8 is across seCt-ionalvievv similar to Eig? slim ing theremovable headenin position on the endV of the core-like ram;-Fig.91is;a transverse see tional View on`line l,-. 9fof Fig.- 8; Eig. l0 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional vievv of the corrugatedshell having aiiller of concrete in the nose thereof about to be driven into the gro-und beyond the protectivecasin'g; and Fig. 1l is an enlarged sectional View similar to the vevf'shown in Fig. l0 shouting hon7 the c orrugated.sloellis driven into Ythe-ground while protecting the corrugated shell against stress `and strain due to friction ci theearth against'the corrugated shell.

* The method `of-forming piles and the construction offpile aocordi'ngftomy inventionhas been 'developed to overcomedisadvantages heretofore existing 'in the-art of pile `driving-and pile struc;

V Q the YpileV structure.

' lretains the "concrete in the pile of my inventionV Vmay be 4of relatively thin gaugemetal which is jrelatively inexpensive and yet adequate Vtov provide'the mechanical reenforcement required to This construction has proven highly expensive.

My invention provides a structure in which the protective casing is used only during the period of construction of the pile and is thereafter removed and does not remain a permanent part of The reenforced shell which per end of core-like ram 2 for driving both the protective casing I and core-like ram 2 to the required dep-ui illustrated in Fig. 1.

I have shown in Fig. 2 the core-like ram 2 withdrawn, leaving the protective casing I in position i .rend of the shell such as by binding friction imwithstand the loads involved. The bearing ca'-V pacity of thepile ofA my invention'is4 based upon the skin friction developed betweenfthe ,earth andthe external ysurface of thepile; and the method of constructing this pile differs from all. y other methods of constructing encasedfconcrete l piles in that, in this case, the skin friction andV built-,up resistance is developed upon the iinished ple'tslf and not merely unentbe protective steel casing, f i y A further advantagetixs that friction is elimi. nated from the exterior wall ofthe shell and the .load offthe pile may at al1 times be easily and ex- .actly computed from known-mathematical formula, thus the necessityand expense of making l load tests is eliminated thus contributing to e- ,ciencyand further eliminating costs.V After the protective casing vand its assembled core-like` ram` have been drivento the desireddepth the corelike rainis removed, leaving the protectiveV casing in position and` a'reenforced metallic shell, preferably of corrugated construction, introduced through the interior of the protective metallic shell with a concrete header in the lowerV end yond the upper end of theprotective casing for a distance proportional to the distance tto which thepile is tobe driven and the distance above the ground. line at which the load-is to be supported. The l core-like ram is employed for; driving the shell beyond the end of the protective'casingV but onlyefor a distance'where the concrete header parted by the forcing of the end plate 8 within one of the end corrugations. The lower end of the corrugated sheet metal shell I is lled with concrete to provide a concrete header indicated at 9. The length of the corrugated sheet metal shell 'I is such that the shell, when initialli7 placed in position through the protective casing I, projects abovethe upper end of protective casing I for a distance proportional to the distance l'to which the shell is to be driven and-for a distance proportional tothe height at which the load is to lbe supportedl above the ground line. The concrete Vforming the concrete headerS is poured into' the corrugated sheet metal shell l before the thereof, the length ofthe shell projecting be-v V fic like ram has been employed for driving fthe shell 1 to? the depth as prescribed, the core-like ram is removed, the shell lled with'con'crete, and thereafterV the protective outside "casing removed whereupon` the reenforced lpile after setting is ready to receive the load. l y l Referring toA the'drawings in more detail, reft Yerence character Idesignates the outside pro'- tective casing which is assembled with the core- Vlike ram 2 disposed centrally therein, the corelike ram 2 having an end cap 3 detachably secured thereon by means of removable pin II. The'end n rinterior wallA ofthe protective casing vI and the external diameter of thev core-like ram 2 adequate for the introduction of the reenforced shell which will:v bee-hereinafter described. 4 I have indicated at G'the driving means which is eiectiveagainst the-upper endV of protective Vcasing I and the upshell is lowered in position interiorly of protective casing I and isallowed to'setl to enable the concrete toA reach the hardnessvnecessary to withstandzthe subsequent driving-as shownin Fig. 3.

.A plate I I isdro-pped into place within corrugated shell 'I on top of the concrete header 9 as shown.

When the concrete forming the header 9 has set,

.rugated sheet metal shell I and concrete header 9 penetrates the earth tothe position shown in Fig. 5, until the desired vdegree of friction and bearing capacity is attained. The drivingoperation is discontinued before the upper limit of the lconcrete header 9 isi allowed to pass the. lower terminus!!! of the protective casing I, thereby eliminating excessive stresses and strains on the wall structure of corrugated sheet metal shell I which would otherwise be brought about by friction of the reenforced casing against the earth.

'The concrete header 9 serves an important function in protecting the corrugated sheet metal shell 'I for if the corrugated shell wasdriven without the concrete plugin the lower end, such shell in the course of the driving operation would inherently rub against rocks, etc., and be injured', thus permitting Water and mud to seep into the shell. The pile of my invention has the concretev header 9 linthe lower end thereof to the full extent ,to which it is driven below the outside casing and no amount of rubbing against obstacles can cause a breakage or a leak. 'Ihus I provide a clean, dry, pile of great permanency.

Vfhen'the pile has been driven to the position shownV in Fig. 5,l the core-like ram 2 lis withdrawn and the hollowI corrugated sheet metal shell I is iilled with concrete from the upper limi*U of concrete header 9 at plate II to the upper end of the corrugated sheet metal shell 'I as shown at I2 in Fig. 6, 'The protective casing I is thenwithdrawn and the forming of other piles cornmensed. Thisv method permits the driving of any desired number of piles in less time'and at less expense than by any method shown by the existing art.

In Fig. 7 I have shown a fragmentary sectional view of the lower end of the core-like ram aad the socket-like construction of the removable end cap 3 which fits over the end of the core-like ram '2. `Diametrically opposite apertures 2a are provided adjacent the lower end of the core-like ram 2 as indicated at 2a and alignable diametrically extending apertures 3a are providedin the socket-like removable end cap 3. The removable end cap 3 extends beyond the diameter of the outside of the core-like ram 2 to provide for the annular spacing 5 between the core-like ram 2 and the interior wall of the protective casing i so that the core-like ram 2 is constantly driven downwardly while maintaining alignment Within the protective casing E. In Fig. 8 I have shown the assembled relation of the removable end cap 3 and the core-like ram 2 eifected by means of removable pin 4. Fig 9 shows a transverse sectional View of the manner in which the removable pin i` extends diametriv cally through the removable end cap and corelilre ram for maintaining the removable end cap in position.

Figs. l0 and Il show the two extreme positions of the concrete header of the corrugated sheet metal shell I, that is, the position before driving the pile and the position when the driving operation is approximately complete. It will be seen that the concrete header within the corrugated sheet metal shell l at all times protects the corrugated sheet metal shell 'i against the irictional forces developed by the driving operation. That is to say, in the driving of the corrugated sheet metal shell l from the position shown in Fig. l0 to the position shown in Fig. l1,

ie walls of the hollow portion of the corrugated sheet metal shell 'I at no time Contact the earth. The driving of the pile is discontinued in approximately the position illustrated in Fig. 11, that is, before the upper limit of the concrete header 9 passes below the lower terminus I0 of the protective casing lso that frictional stresses and strains on the hollow portion of the Wall structure of the corrugated sheet metal shellV 1 are eliminated.

It is not essential that the header 9 be precast in the shell 'I before the shell is lowered into position in the protective casing i. In some instances it may be more feasible and convenient to manipulate the shell "i without the added weight of the concrete header E, and in such cases the production of the header may be postponed until the shell i has been lowered within the protective casing l, whereupon the required amount of concrete may be introduced into the shell and allowed to harden to form the header 9, before the shell 'l' is driven the required added distance into the earth below the lower terminus of the protective casing.

While I have described my invention in accordance with the preferred manner of carrying out the method of my invention for forming a pile according to the preferred construction of my invention, I realize that modications in detail may be made and I do not intend my invention to be limited to the specic method or y steps enumerated or to the particular methods involved, but desire that my invention cover modications of my method and modications of the structure produced thereby and I intend no limitations upon my invention other than may be imposed by the scope of the appended claim.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates is as follows:

In a system for forming piles wherein a corelike ram and casing are driven into the earth, the ram withdrawn, and a shell having a concrete header therein lowered through the casing, the method of forming the pile which consists in driving the concrete header into the earth by blows delivered by said ram against the upper end of said concrete header within said shell t through the casing to a distance in which the upper surface or the concrete header extends above the lower terminus of the casing for preventing direct exposure of the annular zone of said shell immediately adjacent the upper end of said concrete header to friction and abrasion against the earth, withdrawing the core-like ram,y 

